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equal pay for equal work
Equal pay for equal work〔(UK Equality and Human Rights Commission ): Typical use of the phrase: "The Equality Act 2010 gives women (and men) a right to ''equal pay for equal work''".〕 is the concept of labor rights that individuals doing the same work should receive the same remuneration.〔 It is most commonly used in the context of sexual discrimination, in relation to the gender pay gap. Equal pay relates to the full range of payments and benefits, including basic pay, non-salary payments, bonuses and allowances. Some countries have moved faster than others in addressing the problem. Since President Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act in 1963, it has been illegal in the United States to pay men and women working in the same place different salaries for similar work. 〔Equal Pay Act of 1963, http://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/equal-pay-act-1963.htm〕
==Early history==
As wage-labor became increasingly formalized during the Industrial Revolution, women were often paid less than their male counterparts for the same labor, whether for the explicit reason that they were women or under another pretext. The principle of equal pay for equal work arose at the same time, as part of first-wave feminism, with early efforts for equal pay being associated with nineteenth-century Trade Union activism in industrialised countries: for example, a series of strikes by unionised women in the UK in the 1830s.〔Mary Davis, 'An Historical Introduction to the Campaign for Equal Pay', http://www.unionhistory.info/equalpay/roaddisplay.php?irn=820; cf. New JNCHES Equality Working Group, 'The Gender Pay Gap - A Literature Review', p. 6.〕 Pressure from Trade Unions has had varied effects, with trade unions' own patriarchal character sometimes promoting conservatism. However, following the Second World War, trade unions and the legislatures of industrialized countries gradually embraced the principle of equal pay for equal work; one example of this process is the UK's introduction of the Equal Pay Act 1970 in response both to the Treaty of Rome and the Ford sewing machinists strike of 1968. In recent years European trade unions have generally exerted pressure on states and employers for progress in this direction.〔Eva Soumeli and Kristine Nergaard, 'Gender pay equity in Europe', ''Eironline: European Industrial Relations Observatory On-line'' (January 2002), http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2002/01/study/tn0201101s.htm, esp. tables 3 and 5.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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